Photobiomodulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Rat Calcaneal Tendons

The main objective was to verify the modulatory effects of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 levels on the partially injured calcaneal tendons of rat exposure to photobiomodulation. Photobiomodulation has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects on tendon injuries. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the beneficial effects in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels, especially MMP-1, -3, and -13. Sixty-five male Wistar rats were used. Sixty were submitted to a direct trauma on the calcaneal tendons and were randomly distributed into the following six groups: LASER 1, 3, and 7 (10 partially injured calcaneal tendons in each group treated with photobiomodulation for 1, 3, and 7 days, respectively) and Sham 1, 3, and 7 (same injury, with simulated photobiomodulation). The remaining five animals were allocated to the normal group (no injury or treatment procedure). The 780 nm low-level laser was applied with 70 mW of mean power and 17.5 J/cm² of fluency for 10 sec, once a day. The tendons were surgically removed and analyzed for MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 through immunohistochemistry. MMP-3 levels remained close to normal in all experimental groups (p > 0.05); however, reductions (p < 0.05) in MMP-1 and MMP-13 levels were detected in the groups submitted to one, three, and seven low level laser therapy applications. The photobiomodulation protocol was able to reduce MMP-1 and MMP-13 levels in injured calcaneal tendons.