Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

38.4K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
38.4K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

8.0K
8.0K
Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

20.5K
Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
20.5K
Neurons: The Axon01:21

Neurons: The Axon

7.0K
Axons are long, cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells capable of propagating electrical impulses known as action potentials. The cytoplasm or axoplasm of an axon contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes, all encased within the axolemma, the plasma membrane of the axon.
The axon attaches to the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock. The initial part of the axon, closest to the hillock, is known as the initial segment....
7.0K
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

5.5K
The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of...
5.5K
Microbial Morphologies01:29

Microbial Morphologies

2.0K
Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development and Preliminary Validation of a MALDI-TOF MS Assay Using KTI as an Internal Standard for Serum M-Protein Light Chain Analysis in Multiple Myeloma: A Pilot Study.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026
Same author

SETD5 regulates chronic stress-induced cancer stemness and M2 macrophage polarization via ferroptosis in non-small cell lung cancer.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Bifluorinated Motif-Tailored Hybrid Membranes for Ultra-Permeable CO<sub>2</sub> Separation From Air Under High Humidity.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Inhaled budesonide and beclomethasone for the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2026
Same author

Subinhibitory concentration of clarithromycin targets SaeR to reduce the haemolytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2026
Same author

Drug delivery based on circadian rhythm: mechanisms, applications, and prospects.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

GPC3 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells combined with Enoblituzumab enhance the anti-tumor efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2026
Same journal

A miR-382-5p-PORCN axis modulates endogenous Wnt signaling during palatal development.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2026
Same journal

Development of a vitamin-related gene signature to predict the immune characteristics and prognosis of glioma.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2026
Same journal

Cyclo(Ser-Tyr) L/D spatial isomerism exerts opposing effects on benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2026
Same journal

Necrotic tumor cells contribute to pro-tumoral responses and inflammatory mediator production via NF-κB activation in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2026
Same journal

GPR4 promotes ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells via MAPK-dependent mitophagy suppression.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Axons and their Synapses during Axon Death in Drosophila melanogaster
10:29

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Axons and their Synapses during Axon Death in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: March 16, 2020

8.4K

Cilia function is associated with axon initial segment morphology.

Bingjie Wang1, Lili Hu1, Zehui Sun1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|June 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cilia regulate neuron excitability by influencing axon initial segment (AIS) morphology and ion channel localization. This study reveals a novel link between cilia function and neuronal signaling.

Keywords:
5-HT6AxonAxon initial segmentNeuron excitabilityPrimary cilia

More Related Videos

Use of Primary Cultured Hippocampal Neurons to Study the Assembly of Axon Initial Segments
06:53

Use of Primary Cultured Hippocampal Neurons to Study the Assembly of Axon Initial Segments

Published on: February 12, 2021

5.5K
Measuring Properties of the Membrane Periodic Skeleton of the Axon Initial Segment using 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy 3D-SIM
07:40

Measuring Properties of the Membrane Periodic Skeleton of the Axon Initial Segment using 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy 3D-SIM

Published on: February 11, 2022

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Axons and their Synapses during Axon Death in Drosophila melanogaster
10:29

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Axons and their Synapses during Axon Death in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: March 16, 2020

8.4K
Use of Primary Cultured Hippocampal Neurons to Study the Assembly of Axon Initial Segments
06:53

Use of Primary Cultured Hippocampal Neurons to Study the Assembly of Axon Initial Segments

Published on: February 12, 2021

5.5K
Measuring Properties of the Membrane Periodic Skeleton of the Axon Initial Segment using 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy 3D-SIM
07:40

Measuring Properties of the Membrane Periodic Skeleton of the Axon Initial Segment using 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy 3D-SIM

Published on: February 11, 2022

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cilia are crucial for extracellular signaling in neurons, but their specific functions remain largely unexplored.
  • The axon initial segment (AIS) is critical for neuronal electrical activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cilia in neuronal function, specifically their impact on AIS morphology and neuron excitability.
  • To determine how cilia morphology influences the localization of key proteins within the AIS.

Main Methods:

  • Examined the association between cilia morphology, ciliary protein localization, and AIS morphology (length, location).
  • Investigated the effects of manipulating serotonin receptor 5-HT6R, intraflagellar transport 88 (Ift88), and kinesin family member 3A (KIF3A) on cilia and AIS.
  • Assessed the localization of ankyrin G (AnkG) and voltage-gated sodium channel 1.2 (Nav1.2) in response to cilia changes.
  • Measured changes in action potential (AP) amplitude and spike firing.

Main Results:

  • Cilia morphology and protein localization correlated with AIS length and location.
  • Modulation of cilia components (5-HT6R, Ift88, KIF3A) altered AIS morphology.
  • Cilia changes led to aberrant AnkG and Nav1.2 localization.
  • Altered cilia morphology impacted AP amplitude and firing patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Cilia play a significant role in regulating neuron excitability by modulating AIS morphology and ion channel distribution.
  • Findings establish a novel connection between cilia function and neuronal electrical activity, highlighting cilia as key regulators of neuronal signaling.