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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Published on: March 19, 2014

Common neural code for reward and information value.

Kenji Kobayashi^1,2, Ming Hsu^3,4

¹The Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, NY 10027; kenji.kobayashi@berkeley.edu mhsu@haas.berkeley.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|June 13, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human information seeking is driven by both practical needs and intrinsic curiosity. Our study reveals that the subjective value of information (SVOI) uses the same brain pathways as basic rewards, integrating diverse motivations.

Keywords:

decoding fMRI information seeking reward value of information

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Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Published on: March 19, 2014

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood

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Published on: November 28, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Decision Science

Background:

Adaptive information seeking is crucial for goal-directed behavior.
Intrinsic motives like curiosity and novelty, mediated by dopamine, influence information seeking.
Valuing information intrinsically can be suboptimal for forward-looking instrumental goals.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how both instrumental and noninstrumental motives shape the subjective value of information (SVOI).
To determine if SVOI shares a common neural code with basic reward value.
To explore the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying information-seeking behavior.

Main Methods:

A computational model of SVOI was developed, incorporating instrumental benefits and the utility of anticipation (a noninstrumental motive).
Subjects made decisions to purchase information to reduce uncertainty in a monetary lottery task.
Neural activity in the striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex was recorded and analyzed using cross-categorical decoding.

Main Results:

Information purchase decisions were accurately captured by the SVOI model, which included anticipation utility.
Trial-by-trial variations in SVOI correlated with activity in the striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
A common neural code was identified for SVOI and expected lottery utility within these brain regions.

Conclusions:

Human information seeking is driven by a subjective value integrating both instrumental and noninstrumental motives.
The brain utilizes a common neural currency for valuing information and basic rewards, supporting the common currency hypothesis.
These findings elucidate the neurocognitive basis of adaptive information seeking and decision-making.