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Elements and Compounds01:27

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
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A deformable model for navigated laparoscopic gastrectomy based on finite elemental method.

Tao Chen1,2, Guodong Wei3, Lili Xu4

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.

Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies : MITAT : Official Journal of the Society for Minimally Invasive Therapy
|June 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a finite element method (FEM) deformable model for surgical navigation. The FEM model improves vessel registration accuracy in laparoscopic surgery, aiding navigation during procedures.

Keywords:
Surgical navigationdeformationfinite element methodimage-guided surgerylaparoscopic gastrectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Surgical Navigation
  • Computational Mechanics

Background:

  • Laparoscopic surgery navigation faces challenges with vessel deformation.
  • Accurate registration is crucial for effective surgical guidance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a deformable vessel model using the finite element method (FEM).
  • To improve matching accuracy in surgical navigation for laparoscopic procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated an FEM model of a vessel using ANSYS software.
  • Created a perigastric vessel FEM model for a gastric cancer patient.
  • Evaluated model accuracy in a laparoscopic gastrectomy surgical scene.

Main Results:

  • FEM model with Ogden foam material showed improved accuracy in animal experiments (average distance 6.5mm, closest points 3.8mm).
  • The FEM model demonstrated good coincidence with actual artery deformation during laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Conclusions:

  • A deformable vessel model based on FEM was successfully constructed.
  • This model improves matching accuracy for laparoscopic gastrectomy navigation.
  • Provides a reference for future research in deformation matching for surgical navigation.