Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026
04:51
Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
Published on: June 23, 2023
4.2K
Post-synthetic modification of covalent organic frameworks
José L Segura1, Sergio Royuela2, M Mar Ramos3
1Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain. segura@ucm.es.
Chemical Society Reviews
|June 13, 2019
Summary
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be modified after synthesis using post-synthetic modification (PSM) strategies. Novel building block exchange (BBE) methods enable framework transformations for new COF structures.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Chemistry
Background:
- Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous organic materials with diverse applications.
- Material properties often rely on specific chemical functionalities within the building blocks.
- These functionalities may not be achievable through direct synthesis (de novo).
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore advanced strategies for modifying COFs beyond traditional post-synthetic modification (PSM).
- To introduce novel methods for accessing desired functionalities in COFs.
- To present building block exchange (BBE) as a transformative approach for COF evolution.
Main Methods:
- Post-synthetic modification (PSM) strategies including metal complexation, covalent bond formation, and linkage conversion.
- Monomer truncation for internal COF functionalization.
- Building block exchange (BBE) for framework-to-framework transformations using reversible bonding.
Main Results:
- Established PSM techniques for functionalizing COFs.
- Demonstrated BBE as a method to create new COF structures from existing templates (protoCOFs).
- Highlighted the potential of BBE for evolving COFs with entirely new components.
Conclusions:
- PSM offers versatile routes to functionalize COFs.
- BBE represents a significant advancement, enabling the design of novel COF architectures.
- These strategies expand the possibilities for tailoring COF properties for specific applications.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:04Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
8.8K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
8.8K
01:29Covalent Bonds
160.6K
Overview
160.6K
01:08Covalent Bonds
10.1K
Overview
When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, they create a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally,...
When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, they create a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally,...
10.1K
02:18Network Covalent Solids
16.1K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.1K
02:32Histone Modification
16.0K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
16.0K
02:46Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures
60.8K
Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
60.8K