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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.3K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards
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High-Throughput Isolation of Cell Protrusions with Single-Cell Precision for Profiling Subcellular Gene Expression.

Pengchao Zhang1,2, Xin Han1,2,3, Jun Yao4

  • 1Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a microfluidic platform to isolate cell protrusions, crucial for cancer cell migration and metastasis. This method enables precise molecular analysis of these structures, advancing cancer research.

Keywords:
RNA sequencinganalytical methodscell protrusiongene expressionmicrofluidics

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer cell migration and invasion are guided by cell protrusions.
  • Analyzing molecular mechanisms within single cell protrusions is challenging.
  • Understanding subcellular localization is key to metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a microfluidic platform for high-throughput isolation of single cell protrusions.
  • To enable molecular and gene expression analysis of isolated cell protrusions.
  • To investigate subcellular mechanisms driving cancer metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel microfluidic platform for cell protrusion isolation.
  • Generation of uniform cell-protrusion arrays from various cell types.
  • Single-cell precision isolation of protrusions for RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq).
  • Validation using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated efficient generation of over 5000 cell-protrusion arrays.
  • Achieved high-purity isolation of cell protrusions at single-cell resolution.
  • Successfully profiled subcellular gene expression using RNA-Seq.
  • Validated findings with RT-qPCR and RNA FISH.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic platform enables precise isolation of cell protrusions for molecular analysis.
  • This technology provides a new approach to study subcellular mechanisms in cancer metastasis.
  • Facilitates deeper understanding of signaling pathways involved in cancer cell invasion.