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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR
12:32

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

Published on: January 16, 2016

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Acute flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus D68 in a non-epidemic setting

Kazuki Hatayama1,2, Shinichiro Goto1, Masato Yashiro2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Okayama Red-Cross Hospital, Okayama, Japan.

Idcases
|June 14, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) can occur with enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) even outside of major outbreaks. This case highlights the need to consider EV-D68 in paralysis diagnoses, even without an epidemic.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a serious neurological condition.
  • Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) outbreaks have been linked to AFM, notably in 2014 and 2015.
  • No widespread AFM or EV-D68 epidemics have been reported since 2015.

Observation:

  • A single case of AFM associated with EV-D68 was identified in 2017.
  • This represents the first reported case of EV-D68-associated AFM following the 2015 epidemic.
  • This was the sole reported case in 2017.

Findings:

  • EV-D68 can cause AFM even in the absence of an epidemic.
  • The occurrence of AFM linked to EV-D68 is possible outside of peak outbreak periods.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider EV-D68 as a potential cause of AFM in patients presenting with paralysis.
  • Diagnostic considerations for AFM should not solely rely on the presence of an EV-D68 epidemic.
  • This finding broadens the understanding of AFM etiology and surveillance needs.
Keywords:
AFM, acute flaccid myelitisAFP, acute flaccid paralysisAcute flaccid myelitisEV-D68, enterovirus D68Enterovirus D68GBS, Guillain-Barré SyndromeMMT, manual muscle testingMRI, magnetic resonance imaging

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