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HIV co-infection is associated with increased transmission risk in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus

Manon Ragonnet-Cronin1, Reilly Hostager1, Charlotte Hedskog2

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.

Journal of Viral Hepatitis
|June 14, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genetic clustering indicates transmission risk. HCV/HIV co-infection, young age, and high viral load increase clustering, suggesting targeted elimination efforts for this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Molecular epidemiology aids in identifying viral transmission risks.
  • Understanding genetic clustering in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency and factors associated with genetic clustering in a large cohort of patients with chronic HCV.
  • To identify patient characteristics linked to increased HCV transmission risk.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of NS34A, NS5A, and NS5B viral sequences from 7457 patients with chronic HCV.
  • Application of Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine an optimal genetic distance threshold (0.02 substitutions/site) for clustering.
  • Statistical analysis to identify factors associated with increased clustering frequency.

Main Results:

  • 256 clusters involving 541 patients (7.3%) were identified.
  • Hepatitis C virus/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HCV/HIV) co-infection, younger age, and high HCV viral load were significantly associated with increased genetic clustering.
  • These factors indicate a higher risk of HCV transmission.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with HCV/HIV co-infection represent a significant source of new HCV infections.
  • Public health strategies should prioritize viral elimination in HCV/HIV co-infected individuals due to their increased transmission potential.

Keywords:
co-infectionevolutionhepatitis C virushuman immunodeficiency virustransmission cluster

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