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Risk factors for caries development in primary Sjogren syndrome.

Nicola Berman1, Frederick Vivino2, Joshua Baker3

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Patients with Sjogren syndrome (SS) experience higher caries risk than those with other salivary hypofunction causes. This increased risk in SS patients was not linked to salivary flow rates in this study.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Health
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Salivary hypofunction is a known risk factor for dental caries.
  • Sjogren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction, leading to hypofunction.
  • The comparative caries risk between SS-related hypofunction and other causes is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare caries risk factors in patients with primary Sjogren syndrome (SS) versus non-Sjogren syndrome (NSS) related salivary hypofunction.
  • To determine the prevalence of specific caries types (incisal, cervical/root) in each group.
  • To identify associations between salivary flow rates and caries experience in SS and NSS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, cross-sectional study design.
  • Involved 225 patients (99 SS, 126 NSS) assessed between 2012 and 2015.
  • Statistical analyses included t tests, Wilcoxon's rank sum test, chi-squared test, and multivariate ordinal regression.

Main Results:

  • Patients with SS had a significantly higher number of total caries (OR 1.72).
  • A focus score > 1/4 mm² was associated with a greater number of total caries (OR 2.88).
  • Adjusted analyses revealed no significant association between salivary flow rates (stimulated, unstimulated, or glandular-specific) and the total number of carious lesions.

Conclusions:

  • Salivary hypofunction secondary to SS presents a greater caries risk compared to hypofunction from other factors.
  • This elevated caries risk in SS patients was independent of salivary flow rates in this cohort.
  • Further research may explore other contributing factors to caries in SS patients.