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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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The olfactory function in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.

G Magliulo1, G Iannella1, A Ciofalo1

  • 1Organi di Senso Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 151, 00161 Rome, Italy.

European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
|June 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory dysfunction affects nearly half of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI). Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may contribute to these smell disorders in CVI patients.

Keywords:
Common Variable ImmunodeficiencyHyposmia.Olfactory perceptionSmell disordersSniffin Sticks

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by impaired antibody production.
  • Olfactory dysfunction, affecting the sense of smell, can significantly impact quality of life.
  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common comorbidity in CVI patients, potentially affecting sinonasal structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of olfactory dysfunction in patients diagnosed with CVI.
  • To investigate the correlation between olfactory dysfunction and the presence of CRS in CVI patients.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty CVI patients undergoing immunoglobulin replacement therapy were included.
  • Otolaryngology physical examination and CT scans were performed to assess for CRS.
  • Olfactory function was evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks Test, measuring threshold, discrimination, identification, and TDI scores.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory dysfunction was identified in 46% of CVI patients, with hyposmia (65%) and anosmia (38%) being prevalent.
  • The mean TDI score for the study group was 27.7.
  • CVI patients with CRS exhibited a more pronounced impairment in olfactory threshold, discrimination, and identification compared to those without CRS.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with CVI demonstrate a higher prevalence of olfactory disorders compared to the general population.
  • Rhinosinusitis is a potential contributing factor to olfactory dysfunction in individuals with CVI.