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Related Concept Videos

Phloem and Sugar Transport02:02

Phloem and Sugar Transport

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Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic cells that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic tissues to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.
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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Thermal Measurement Techniques in Analytical Microfluidic Devices
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Making Microfluidic Devices that Simulate Phloem Transport.

Jean Comtet1

  • 1Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8550, PSL Research University, Paris Cedex, France. jean.comtet@gmail.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic phloem devices offer a novel biomimetic approach to study plant phloem transport. These microfluidic tools aid in understanding phloem physiology and dynamics, overcoming experimental challenges.

Keywords:
BiomimeticsMicrofluidicsOsmosisPhloemSucrose transportSugars

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Phloem tissues are crucial for nutrient transport in plants but are experimentally challenging to study.
  • Understanding phloem transport dynamics and physicochemical couplings is vital for plant physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the design of a synthetic microfluidic device that mimics plant phloem transport.
  • To highlight the utility of such devices in testing hypotheses related to phloem physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of a biomimetic microfluidic device simulating phloem transport.
  • Utilizing the device for experimental testing of phloem transport hypotheses.

Main Results:

  • The synthetic device successfully simulates key aspects of phloem transport.
  • The device allows for controlled investigation of phloem dynamics and physicochemical properties.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic phloem devices provide a powerful experimental platform for advancing our understanding of plant phloem physiology.
  • This biomimetic approach overcomes limitations of traditional experimental methods for studying phloem.