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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

A Functional Whole Blood Assay to Measure Viability of Mycobacteria, using Reporter-Gene Tagged BCG or M.Tb BCG lux/M.Tb lux
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BCG orchitis.

Joseph Cutrone1, James J Siegert1,2,3

  • 1Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.

Urology Case Reports
|June 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy can treat bladder cancer but may cause rare complications. This case details a patient who developed a scrotal abscess and non-viable testicle after BCG treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
  • BCG immunotherapy is effective in reducing tumor recurrence and progression.
  • BCG therapy is generally well-tolerated with a low complication rate.

Observation:

  • A 63-year-old male patient developed epididymoorchitis and a scrotal abscess.
  • These symptoms occurred after his second three-week cycle of maintenance BCG therapy.
  • Scrotal exploration revealed a non-viable testicle with significant induration and abscess formation.

Findings:

  • Initial pathological analysis and cultures were negative for mycobacterium.
  • However, acid-fast cultures eventually grew mycobacterium three months post-presentation.

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  • This indicates a delayed diagnosis of BCG-induced infection.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights a rare but severe complication of intravesical BCG therapy.
    • Delayed diagnosis of mycobacterial infection can lead to significant morbidity.
    • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for infectious complications in patients receiving BCG therapy.