Increased flanker task and forward digit span performance in caudate-nucleus-dependent response strategies

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Cognitive Psychology
• Human Navigation

Background:

• Navigation utilizes two primary memory systems: hippocampus-dependent spatial strategy (cognitive mapping) and caudate nucleus-dependent response strategy (sequence memorization).
• Response strategy is linked to increased caudate nucleus activity and grey matter, while spatial strategy is associated with the hippocampus.
• The caudate nucleus plays a role in executive functions, including working memory and attention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate if individuals employing a response navigational strategy exhibit enhanced executive and attention functioning compared to those using a spatial strategy.
• To explore the relationship between distinct navigational strategies and cognitive performance metrics.

Main Methods:

• Fifty participants navigated a virtual maze to determine their primary strategy (spatial vs. response).
• Cognitive functions were assessed using the forward and backward visual digit span (working memory) and the Attention Network Test - Revised (attention disengagement and cognitive control).

Main Results:

• Response learners demonstrated significantly higher working memory capacity.
• Response learners exhibited more efficient attention disengagement.
• Response learners displayed better cognitive control capabilities.

Conclusions:

• Individuals who favor a response strategy, associated with the caudate nucleus, show enhanced performance in working memory, cognitive control, and attentional disengagement.
• Findings suggest a link between caudate nucleus-mediated navigation and superior executive and attentional functions.