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Vertical curves provide the transition between two roadway grades, ensuring safety, comfort, and functionality. Calculating elevations at specific stations along the curve involves several systematic steps based on the curve's geometry and provided design parameters.The vertical curve is defined by its length, grades, Point of Vertical Intersection (P.V.I.) location, and P.V.I. elevation. The stations of the Point of Vertical Curvature (P.V.C.), where the curve begins, and the Point of Vertical...
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Vertical curves are essential in roadway design because they provide smooth transitions between varying roadway grades. Designing vertical curves involves calculating intermediate elevations and identifying the curve's highest or lowest point, which is essential for optimal roadway performance.Intermediate elevations on a vertical curve are determined using the tangent offset method. This method considers the initial elevation at the start of the curve, the grades, and the curve's geometry. The...
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Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve01:29

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Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
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Paper-based Devices for Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles
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Vertical flow paper-based plasmonic device for cysteine detection.

Sourabh M Mehta1,2, Shraddha Mehta3, Harries Muthurajan1

  • 1National Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari Campus, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400098, India.

Biomedical Microdevices
|June 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cystinuria diagnosis is improved with a new, low-cost paper sensor. This device uses silver nanoparticles to detect cysteine in urine, offering rapid, visual results for point-of-care testing.

Keywords:
CysteinePaper-based devicePlasmonicSilver nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Cystinuria is a genetic disorder causing cysteine stones due to high urine cysteine levels.
  • Accurate and accessible diagnostic tools for cystinuria are needed, especially for point-of-care applications.
  • Current methods may be costly or time-consuming, limiting widespread use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile, low-cost, point-of-care sensor for selective cysteine detection.
  • To create a rapid diagnostic test for cystinuria using a novel colorimetric approach.
  • To utilize microbially-synthesized silver nanoparticles for enhanced sensor performance.

Main Methods:

  • A paper-based vertical flow plasmonic micro-well device was fabricated.
  • Microbially-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were employed as the sensing agent.
  • Colorimetric changes of AgNPs upon binding with cysteine's sulfur were observed for detection.

Main Results:

  • The sensor provided a visual color change from light brown/yellow to dark brown, indicating cysteine presence.
  • The detection limit for cysteine was as low as 1 × 10-5 mM.
  • The device offered a rapid turn-around time of just two minutes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed sensor is a cost-effective and rapid method for cystinuria diagnosis.
  • This paper-based device is suitable for point-of-care testing in resource-limited settings.
  • The use of AgNPs offers a sensitive and selective approach for cysteine detection.