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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • High solubility of redox-active organic molecules is essential for nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NFRBs).
  • Predictive methods for nonaqueous solubility are needed to accelerate the discovery of suitable molecular structures.
  • Tris(dialkylamino)cyclopropenium (CP) radical dications are a promising class of compounds for NFRBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a workflow for parametrizing and predicting the solubility of CP radical dications.
  • To identify new CP derivatives with high solubility in relevant battery electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a statistical model trained on monomeric CP species.
  • Parametrization and prediction of solubility for various CP derivatives.
  • Electrochemical cycling stability tests in acetonitrile.

Main Results:

  • A predictive model for CP radical dication solubility was successfully developed.
  • New monomeric and dimeric CP derivatives were predicted to have solubilities exceeding 1 M in acetonitrile across all redox states.
  • The most soluble CP monomer demonstrated high electrochemical stability at 1 M concentration without supporting electrolyte.

Conclusions:

  • The developed workflow effectively predicts the solubility of conformationally flexible CP radical dications.
  • This work identifies promising CP derivatives for high-performance NFRBs.
  • The findings pave the way for rational design of organic electrolytes for energy storage.