Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026
07:59
A Comprehensive Procedure to Evaluate the In Vivo Performance of Cancer Nanomedicines
Published on: March 4, 2017
9.4K
Nanomedicine: Bioavailability, Biotransformation and Biokinetics
Selvan Ravindran1, Amlesh J Tambe1,2, Jitendra K Suthar1
1Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India.
Current Drug Metabolism
|June 18, 2019
Summary
This review highlights the importance of bioavailability, biotransformation, and biokinetics for nanomedicine. Understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective nanomedicine treatments and personalized medicine approaches.
Area of Science:
- Nanomedicine
- Pharmacology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Nanomedicine offers enhanced drug bioavailability and is crucial for treating various ailments.
- Biocompatibility hinges on nanomedicine properties like bioavailability, biotransformation, and biokinetics.
- Physicochemical parameters significantly influence nanomedicine's biological fate.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and analyze existing literature on nanomedicine bioavailability, biotransformation, and biokinetics.
- To emphasize the scarcity of nanomedicine studies compared to micro-sized drugs.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of nanomedicine's biological fate.
Main Methods:
- Structured literature review and analysis.
- Bibliographic database search.
- Inclusion of 80 peer-reviewed papers.
Main Results:
- Bioavailability, biotransformation, and biokinetics are key determinants of nanomedicine's biological fate.
- Research on nanomedicine bioavailability and biotransformation is less extensive than for micro-sized drugs.
- The review synthesizes findings on nanomedicine bioavailability and biotransformation.
Conclusions:
- Further in vitro and in vivo studies on nanodrug and excipient biotransformation are needed.
- Detailed biokinetics data complements bioavailability and biotransformation understanding.
- Understanding nanomedicine's physicochemical properties and biological interactions is vital for personalized medicine development.
Related Concept Videos
01:16Drug Biotransformation: Overview
3.7K
Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
3.7K
01:28Drug Biotransformation: Overview
2.5K
Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is a vital physiological process that chemically alters drugs, facilitating their elimination from the body and terminating their action. This process involves two main phases: phase I and phase II reactions. Phase I reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, introduce or unmask polar functional groups on the drug molecule, thereby increasing its water solubility. By enhancing water solubility, the drug becomes more hydrophilic...
2.5K
01:19Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological
530
Biological factors significantly impact drug metabolism, influencing drug clearance, efficacy, and potential toxicity.
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
Strain differences: Genetic variations within a species can result in differing enzyme activity, impacting drug response and toxicity. For example, some mouse strains may...
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
Strain differences: Genetic variations within a species can result in differing enzyme activity, impacting drug response and toxicity. For example, some mouse strains may...
530
01:27Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability
320
Bioavailability is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that quantifies the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available for therapeutic action. Regulatory agencies mandate the assessment of bioavailability, typically measured as the area under the drug plasma concentration-versus-time curve (AUC), to ensure the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products. These evaluations are categorized as absolute and relative bioavailability studies.Absolute...
320
01:17Bioavailability: Overview
394
Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in its active, unaltered form. It is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that determines the effectiveness of a drug in achieving its intended therapeutic outcomes. The route of administration significantly influences bioavailability, with intravenous administration achieving 100% bioavailability as the drug directly enters the bloodstream. In contrast, oral administration often results in...
394
01:13Bioavailability: Overview
4.3K
Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...
4.3K