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The Potential for Narrative Correctives to Combat Misinformation^†.

Angeline Sangalang¹, Yotam Ophir^2,3, Joseph N Cappella³

¹Department of Communication, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.

The Journal of Communication

|June 18, 2019

Summary

Narrative correctives, especially those with emotional endings, can reduce the lingering effects of misinformation on attitudes. This research offers insights into combating belief echoes and improving corrective message design.

Keywords:

Attitudes Belief Echoes Emotions Misinformation Narrative Persuasion

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Communication Studies
Behavioral Science

Background:

Misinformation poses significant risks to personal and societal decision-making.
The continued influence effect, or belief echoes, demonstrates that misinformation can persist even after corrections are accepted.
Effective strategies are needed to counteract the affective and cognitive residuals of misinformation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of narrative-based correctives in mitigating the continued influence effect of misinformation.
To compare the impact of different emotional corrective endings within narratives.
To investigate methods for improving corrective message design against misinformation.

Main Methods:

Two controlled experiments were conducted to test narrative correctives.
Study 1 (N = 385) examined within-narrative corrective endings across four discrete emotions.
Study 2 (N = 586) focused on negative emotional corrective endings (fear and anger).

Main Results:

Narrative correctives, with or without emotional elements, showed potential in reducing misinformed beliefs and intentions.
Narratives featuring emotional corrective endings were more effective in correcting attitudes than simple factual corrections.
Emotional narratives demonstrated a stronger impact on attitude correction compared to non-emotional ones.

Conclusions:

Narrative-based correctives, particularly those employing emotional appeals, can effectively reduce the lingering influence of misinformation.
Emotional engagement within corrective messages enhances their ability to reshape attitudes.
Findings have implications for designing more impactful misinformation correction strategies.