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Related Concept Videos

Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

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Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...
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Electron Behavior00:54

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Overview
Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that are attracted to an orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in locations that are associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into sub-shells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
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Electron Behavior01:09

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Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles attracted to and orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in spaces associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into subshells and orbitals within each shell.
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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
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Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

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Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
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Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

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Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials.

Kyoseung Sim1, Zhoulyu Rao2, Faheem Ershad3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores rubbery electronics, a new class of stretchable electronics made entirely from elastomeric materials. These advanced materials offer unique advantages for applications requiring significant mechanical deformation.

Keywords:
elastomeric electronic materialsrubbery conductorsrubbery electronicsrubbery semiconductorsstretchable electronics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electronics Engineering
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Rigid electronics face limitations in applications involving large mechanical deformation.
  • Existing stretchable electronics often rely on architectural strategies to accommodate strain.
  • Recent advancements focus on creating electronics entirely from stretchable elastomeric materials, termed rubbery electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in developing rubbery electronics.
  • To highlight the key materials and devices in this emerging field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on stretchable elastomeric materials.
  • Discussion of various rubbery electronic components and systems.

Main Results:

  • Identification of crucial stretchable elastomeric materials: conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics.
  • Overview of diverse rubbery electronic applications including transistors, integrated circuits, optoelectronic devices, and sensors.

Conclusions:

  • Rubbery electronics represent a promising new direction in stretchable electronics.
  • The unique properties of elastomeric materials and associated manufacturing technologies offer significant advantages.