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Printable Liquid Metal-Textiles for Deformation-Insensitive and Electromagnetically Robust mmWave Devices.

Lu Ju1,2,3, Buyun Yu2,3, Rui Wang4

  • 1School of Information and Intelligent Science, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|March 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new electronic textiles (E-textiles) using liquid metal inks. These durable, flexible millimeter-wave (mmWave) devices maintain performance under bending, enabling robust wireless communication for wearables.

Keywords:
deformation‐insensitiveelectronic textilesliquid metalmillimeter‐wave deviceswireless communication

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Millimeter-wave (mmWave) technologies are crucial for high-data-rate wireless body area networks.
  • Mechanical instability and conductive degradation in traditional mmWave devices under deformation pose significant challenges.
  • Existing solutions often lack the required robustness for wearable applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop deformation-insensitive, high-performance mmWave electronic textiles (E-textiles).
  • To create a scalable and resilient platform for future wearable mmWave devices.
  • To overcome the limitations of current materials in high-frequency wearable electronics.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of E-textiles using specially engineered liquid metal (LM) inks.
  • Utilizing a high-resolution "dual-mask" printing technique.
  • Formulation of LM inks with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized gallium-based nanodroplets for enhanced conductivity and self-healing properties.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a 26 GHz LM-textile antenna array with 9.65 dBi gain after repeated bending.
  • Developed a microstrip transmission line with negligible attenuation increase after mechanical cycling.
  • Achieved a wireless transmission range of 4.5 meters for high-definition images, outperforming silver inks and metallic-cloth antennas.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid metal electronic textiles offer a promising solution for robust, high-performance wearable mmWave devices.
  • The developed LM inks provide excellent surface compatibility, self-healing, and high conductivity for durable circuits.
  • This technology enables scalable, flexible, and resilient high-frequency wireless communication for future applications.