Unifying energy and information harvesting for high-rate self-powered sensing

High-fidelity sensing remains highly challenging in self-powered systems, as the limited power of energy harvesters constrains data acquisition and transmission. In this work, we present a wireless, intelligent, self-powered environmental node (WISE-Node) that simultaneously harvests energy and collects sensing information from ambient vibrations. Its multi-contact triboelectric vibration energy harvester (MC-TVEH) achieves an ultra-wide bandwidth of 10-300 Hz, delivering peak and RMS power densities of 13.42 kW/m³and 1.73 kW/m³, respectively. The WISE-Node also functions as a broadband sensor, accurately tracking excitation frequencies via FFT analysis (R² = 0.9997 across 3-10,000 Hz). Using a Random Forest classifier on the acquired data, the WISE-Node identifies flange conditions with 99.38% accuracy. Field tests on marine engines and generators validate its robust performance, achieving a cold start in just 28.8 s and maintaining fully self-powered 1000 Hz sampling and stable wireless transmission. These results highlight the proposed WISE-Node's strong potential for self-sustained high-fidelity sensing, thereby advancing next-generation battery-free industrial IoT and digital twin technologies.