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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Prescribed 3-D Direct Writing of Suspended Micron/Sub-micron Scale Fiber Structures via a Robotic Dispensing System
Published on: June 12, 2015
A facile multi-material direct laser writing strategy
Andrew C Lamont1, Michael A Restaino1, Matthew J Kim1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, and Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, 2152 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA. rsochol@umd.edu.
Abstract:
Direct laser writing (DLW) is a three-dimensional (3D) manufacturing technology that offers vast architectural control at submicron scales, yet remains limited in cases that demand microstructures comprising more than one material. Here we present an accessible microfluidic multi-material DLW (μFMM-DLW) strategy that enables 3D nanostructured components to be printed with average material registration accuracies of 100 ± 70 nm (ΔX) and 190 ± 170 nm (ΔY) - a significant improvement versus conventional multi-material DLW methods. Results for printing 3D microstructures with up to five materials suggest that μFMM-DLW can be utilized in applications that demand geometrically complex, multi-material microsystems, such as for photonics, meta-materials, and 3D cell biology.
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