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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...

Nucleic Acid Structure

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and the organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria....

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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Published on: November 1, 2019

Convertible and conformationally constrained nucleic acids (C₂NAs).

Jean-Marc Escudier¹, Corinne Payrastre¹, Béatrice Gerland¹

¹Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, UMR CNRS 5068, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France. escudier@chimie.ups-tlse.fr.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry

|June 19, 2019

Summary

We developed Convertible and Constrained Nucleic Acids (C2NAs) to control DNA structure. This innovation allows for increased DNA duplex stability or hairpin formation, with potential for new functionalization via click chemistry.

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Area of Science:

Chemical Biology
Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Biotechnology

Background:

DNA structural flexibility is crucial for biological function.
Controlling DNA conformation is key for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Existing nucleic acid modifications have limitations in versatility and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel class of nucleic acids, Convertible and Constrained Nucleic Acids (C2NAs).
To demonstrate the ability of C2NAs to modulate DNA structural properties.
To enable facile functionalization of nucleic acids using click chemistry.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of a stereocontrolled N-propargyl dioxo-1,3,2-oxaza-phosphorinane internucleotidic linkage.
Utilizing the linkage to control torsional angles (α and β) in nucleic acids.
Employing copper-catalyzed Huisgen's cycloaddition (CuAAC click chemistry) for functionalization.

Main Results:

C2NAs can adopt canonical (g-, t) or non-canonical (g+, t) torsional angles.
The (g-, t) conformation enhances DNA duplex stability.
The (g+, t) conformation stabilizes hairpin structures within nucleic acid loops.
Click chemistry allows for site-specific introduction of diverse functionalities.

Conclusions:

C2NAs offer unprecedented control over nucleic acid conformation and stability.
The developed linkage provides a versatile platform for nucleic acid engineering.
C2NAs hold promise for applications in DNA-based technologies and therapeutics.