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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

70.2K
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
70.2K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.1K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.1K
Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.3K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.3K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.0K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.0K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

129.5K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
129.5K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.9K

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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

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Non-Ionic Deep Eutectic Liquids: Acetamide-Urea Derived Room Temperature Solvents.

Subramanian Suriyanarayanan1, Gustaf D Olsson2, Subban Kathiravan3

  • 1Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden. esusu@lnu.se.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New non-ionic deep eutectic liquids were created from urea and acetamide derivatives. These novel solvents show promise for various applications, including natural product extraction and synthesis.

Keywords:
acetamide–ureadeep-eutectic solventflickering cluster

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Deep eutectic liquids (DELs) are emerging as sustainable alternatives to traditional solvents.
  • Non-ionic DELs offer unique properties but their development is less explored.
  • Urea and acetamide derivatives are readily available and tunable building blocks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel family of non-ionic deep eutectic liquids.
  • To investigate the physical properties and eutectic behavior of these mixtures.
  • To explore the potential applications of these novel solvents.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of eleven N-alkyl urea and acetamide derivatives.
  • Characterization of eutectic mixtures, including melting points and physical properties.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations to understand mixing behavior.

Main Results:

  • Successful formation of eleven non-ionic deep eutectic liquids, some with melting points below room temperature.
  • Detailed analysis of eutectic behavior and physical characteristics.
  • A molecular dynamics-supported hypothesis explaining the non-ideal mixing.

Conclusions:

  • The developed non-ionic deep eutectic liquids represent a versatile new class of solvents.
  • These solvents demonstrate applicability in natural product extraction, organic synthesis, and polymer synthesis.
  • The findings provide a foundation for further exploration of urea- and acetamide-based deep eutectic liquids.