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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

A Fluorescence Microscopy Assay for Monitoring Mitophagy in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Mitophagy in Yeast.

D V Mamaev1, R A Zvyagilskaya2

  • 1Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia. Dmamaev_inbi@mail.ru.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|June 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria removal, or mitophagy, is vital for cell health. This review details the molecular mechanisms and regulation of mitophagy, particularly in yeast models, highlighting its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mitochondria are essential for cellular energy production and metabolism.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction generates reactive oxygen species, posing risks to cell homeostasis.
  • Damaged mitochondria must be removed via mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the general concepts of autophagy and mitophagy.
  • To summarize the roles of autophagy-related (Atg) proteins in these processes.
  • To discuss the molecular mechanisms and regulation of mitophagy in yeast.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of autophagy and mitophagy.
  • Focus on yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a model organism.
  • Analysis of autophagy-related proteins and their complexes.

Main Results:

  • Yeast is a suitable model for mitophagy research due to its well-characterized genome and ease of genetic manipulation.
  • Mitophagy in yeast is influenced by factors like starvation, aging, oxidative stress, and protein modifications.
  • The review details the interplay between mitophagy, ubiquitination-deubiquitination, and other autophagy pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Mitophagy is a critical cellular process for maintaining homeostasis by removing damaged mitochondria.
  • Understanding mitophagy mechanisms in yeast provides insights into conserved pathways in higher organisms.
  • Further research into mitophagy regulation and its links to other cellular processes is warranted.