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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
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Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

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In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
30.0K
Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces03:00

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

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Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
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Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

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Overview
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Bacterial Immobilization for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy
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Atomic Force Microscopy on Biological Materials Related to Pathological Conditions.

Andreas Stylianou1, Stylianos-Vasileios Kontomaris2,3, Colin Grant4

  • 1Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2238, Cyprus.

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|June 20, 2019
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Summary

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers high-resolution imaging of biological samples. This review highlights AFM

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides high-resolution nanoscale imaging and mechanical characterization of biological samples under physiological conditions.
  • Its ability to analyze surfaces makes it crucial for medical and pharmaceutical applications.
  • AFM is versatile, applicable to biomolecules, biomaterials, cells, and tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in applying AFM to biological materials relevant to health and disease.
  • To explore AFM's capabilities in nanocharacterization for diagnosing pathological conditions.
  • To showcase AFM's utility in studying diseases like osteoarthritis, cancer, Alzheimer's, and HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Review of AFM components, imaging modes, and coupled systems.
  • Analysis of AFM's application in nanocharacterizing collagen and its relation to pathologies.
  • Examination of AFM's role in detecting nanoscale changes associated with diseases like osteoarthritis, cancer, Alzheimer's, and HIV.

Main Results:

  • AFM enables detailed structural and mechanical analysis of biological materials at the nanoscale.
  • AFM can identify pathological changes in collagen, indicative of diseases.
  • AFM facilitates the detection of disease biomarkers, such as amyloid fibrils and viruses.

Conclusions:

  • AFM is an invaluable tool for early detection of pathological conditions.
  • Its applications span bio- and nanomedicine, offering realistic and accurate medical insights.
  • AFM's high resolution and versatility make it ideal for investigating health and sickness at the molecular level.