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Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Presenting as Acute Renal Failure
Ashley Rose1, Samuel Slone1, Eric Padron2
1Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA.
Case Reports in Nephrology
|June 20, 2019
Summary
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can cause kidney injury. This case highlights rare bilateral renal infiltration by ALL, presenting as acute renal failure and a poor prognostic sign.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Nephrology
- Oncology
Background:
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a prevalent adult hematologic neoplasm with bimodal age distribution.
- Renal complications in ALL are multifactorial, including tumor cell infiltration, which is uncommon but can lead to severe kidney injury.
- Bilateral renal infiltration by leukemia is rare and associated with poor prognosis.
Observation:
- This report details a young man with acute renal failure as the initial presentation of ALL relapse.
- The renal failure was attributed to bilateral infiltration of the kidneys by leukemia cells.
- Diagnosis was confirmed via biopsy, essential for identifying renal infiltration.
Findings:
- Acute renal failure secondary to bilateral renal infiltration of ALL was observed.
- This presentation served as the first indicator of relapse in the patient.
- Renal failure due to leukemic infiltration is a rare but significant finding.
Implications:
- This case underscores the importance of considering renal infiltration in ALL patients presenting with acute kidney injury.
- Biopsy is crucial for diagnosing renal involvement and guiding treatment strategies.
- Early recognition of renal infiltration in ALL relapse may impact patient outcomes and prognostic assessment.
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