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Acute central nervous system complications in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell patients

François Aspesberro1,2, Lily Sol Milewski1, Thomas V Brogan1,2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care
|June 20, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Acute neurologic complications in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients are common and serious. This review highlights the varied causes and significant impact of these central nervous system (CNS) issues in children undergoing HSCT.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Neuroscience
  • Transplant Medicine

Background:

  • Acute neurologic complications pose significant risks in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients.
  • These complications contribute to substantial morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the literature on acute central nervous system (CNS) complications in pediatric HSCT recipients.
  • To summarize the causes, impact, and patterns of these neurologic events.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Medline for studies published between 2000 and 2014.
  • A total of 566 pediatric articles were reviewed, with data extracted from 66 selected studies.

Main Results:

  • Acute CNS complications in pediatric HSCT patients are diverse and multifactorial.
  • Identified causes include infections, drug toxicity, immunosuppression, vascular injury, and neoplasms.
  • The review provides an overview of the morbidity and mortality associated with these neurologic complications.

Conclusions:

  • Acute neurologic complications are a critical concern in pediatric HSCT.
  • Understanding the varied etiology is essential for managing and potentially preventing these adverse events in children undergoing HSCT.

Keywords:
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantationcentral nervous systemgraft-versus-host diseasepediatrics

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