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Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular...

Peptide Bonds

Peptide Bonds

A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory

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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

Published on: December 23, 2016

High-Performance Polymeric Materials through Hydrogen-Bond Cross-Linking.

Pingan Song^1,2, Hao Wang²

¹School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|June 20, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Developing high-performance polymers using hydrogen-bond (H-bond) cross-linking offers superior strength, toughness, and self-healing capabilities. This approach overcomes limitations of traditional methods, enabling advanced material applications.

Keywords:

biomimetics high-performance hydrogen-bond cross-linking polymers

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A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Published on: March 24, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Biomaterials

Background:

Conventional cross-linking methods enhance strength but reduce extensibility.
Biological materials inspire new strategies using reversible hydrogen-bonds (H-bonds).
High-performance polymers require exceptional mechanical strength, toughness, thermal stability, and healability.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in H-bond cross-linking strategies for high-performance polymers.
To highlight the mechanisms and applications of H-bond cross-linked polymeric materials.
To discuss challenges and future directions in H-bond cross-linking.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on H-bond cross-linking strategies.
Categorization of H-bond cross-linking via self-association and external cross-linkers.
Analysis of polymer properties including mechanical strength, extensibility, thermal stability, and healability.

Main Results:

H-bond cross-linking can be achieved through interchain H-bonding or specific motifs (e.g., 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone).
External cross-linkers like small molecules, nanoparticles, and aggregates also facilitate H-bond cross-linking.
Resultant polymers exhibit tunable high strength, large extensibility, improved thermal stability, and self-healing properties.

Conclusions:

H-bond cross-linking provides a versatile strategy for creating advanced polymers with desirable properties.
These materials offer significant potential for cutting-edge industrial applications.
Further research is needed to address current challenges and optimize future designs.