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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Proteins are...
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pH Scale02:41

pH Scale

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Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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Quantified Assessment of Infant's Gross Motor Abilities Using a Multisensor Wearable
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Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale, Spanish Translation.

Danae Dinkel1, Kailey Snyder1, Priscila Cacola2

  • 1School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO).

Early Child Development and Care
|June 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study adapted the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) for Spanish speakers. The validated Spanish AHEMD-IS is now available for assessing infant motor development environments.

Keywords:
AHEMD-ISCultural AdaptationHome EnvironmentInfantSpanish Translation

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Occupational Therapy

Background:

  • The home environment significantly impacts infant development and well-being.
  • The Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) assesses home environments for motor development.
  • This study details the translation and cultural adaptation of the AHEMD-IS into Spanish.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To translate and culturally adapt the AHEMD-IS from English to Spanish.
  • To ensure the Spanish version of the AHEMD-IS is a valid and reliable instrument.
  • To facilitate the assessment of home environments for motor development in Spanish-speaking infants.

Main Methods:

  • A four-phase translation process was employed: forward translation, semantic equivalence, content equivalence testing, and final version development.
  • Linguistic alterations were made to enhance clarity for a general audience.
  • Content equivalence was tested through feedback from mothers regarding instrument clarity and ease of completion.

Main Results:

  • Initial translation steps led to linguistic modifications for improved clarity.
  • Mothers found the instrument clear and easy to complete during content equivalence testing.
  • A final review ensured the instrument's overall quality and usability.

Conclusions:

  • A validated Spanish version of the AHEMD-IS was successfully developed.
  • This instrument can be valuable for evaluating the home environment of Spanish-speaking infants.
  • The adapted scale is particularly relevant for populations of Mexican descent.