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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

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In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

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Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
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In pharmacokinetics, the elimination rate of a drug following a capacity-limited model is primarily controlled by two parameters: Vmax and KM. These parameters are crucial in how the drug behaves inside the body after administration.
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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Rapid and Low-cost Prototyping of Medical Devices Using 3D Printed Molds for Liquid Injection Molding
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Injection Molding Micro- and Nanostructures in Thermoplastic Elastomers.

John M Stormonth-Darling1, Anwer Saeed1, Paul M Reynolds1

  • 1Division of Biomedical Engineering School of Engineering University of Glasgow Rankine Building, Oakfield Avenue Glasgow G12 8LT UK.

Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
|June 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) can be injection molded to create nanoscale patterns for cell force studies. This offers a faster, cheaper alternative to poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) casting for flexible polymer applications.

Keywords:
elastomermicromoldingnano

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Flexible polymers like poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) are used for micro/nanoscale patterning in various applications.
  • Replication-based fabrication is cost-effective but alternatives are sought for higher throughput.
  • Injection molding is a faster, cheaper alternative if suitable thermoplastic polymers are available.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for micro/nanoscale patterning via injection molding.
  • To assess TPU's suitability for creating flexible structures for cell force measurement in tissue engineering.
  • To identify processing conditions that enhance patterning accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Injection molding of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).
  • Replication of grating structures with feature sizes down to 100 nm.
  • Benchmarking against polycarbonate (PC) optical media.

Main Results:

  • Successful replication of nanoscale grating structures using TPU.
  • Demonstrated feasibility of injection molding for fabricating flexible polymer micro/nanostructures.
  • Identified key processing conditions influencing patterning accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a viable material for high-resolution nanoscale patterning using injection molding.
  • Injection molding of TPU provides a cost-effective and rapid fabrication method for flexible structures in tissue engineering.
  • This technique enables the development of advanced tools for studying cellular mechanics.