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Evolution in range expansions with competition at rough boundaries.

Sherry Chu1, Mehran Kardar1, David R Nelson2

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Genetic drift significantly impacts population expansion evolution. Superdiffusive wandering at the expanding front accelerates genetic diversity loss, a phenomenon explored via numerical models and potentially mitigated by environmental factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Genetics
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Biological populations expanding into new territories experience significant evolutionary pressures.
  • Genetic drift plays a crucial role in shaping evolution at the expanding front of a population.
  • Stochastic spatial wandering of genetic lineages and boundaries leads to allele frequency fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary consequences of superdiffusive wandering during population range expansions.
  • To analyze the impact of a roughening population front on genetic diversity.
  • To explore the role of environmental heterogeneities in modulating these evolutionary dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two complementary numerical models: the stepping stone model and a directed paths in random media model.
  • Simulated population range expansions with a focus on a roughening population front.
  • Computed statistics for times since common ancestry for spatially separated individuals.

Main Results:

  • Superdiffusive wandering at the population front leads to faster loss of genetic diversity than predicted by simpler models.
  • The roughness of the expanding front enhances stochastic effects on genetic drift.
  • Environmental heterogeneities were found to potentially suppress superdiffusive fluctuations locally.

Conclusions:

  • Superdiffusive wandering is a key mechanism driving rapid genetic diversity loss in expanding populations.
  • The spatial dynamics and roughness of the population front are critical factors in evolutionary outcomes.
  • Environmental heterogeneity offers a potential mechanism to counteract the effects of genetic drift in expanding populations.