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Related Concept Videos

Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

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In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
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Precipitation of Ions

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The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Ion-to-ion amplification through an open-junction ionic diode.

Seung-Min Lim1, Hyunjae Yoo1, Min-Ah Oh2

  • 1Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel polyelectrolyte hydrogel-based ionic diode capable of interpreting and amplifying biological ionic signals. The innovative open-junction design enables direct signal transmission and significant ion amplification for improved bioelectronic interfaces.

Keywords:
ionic circuit elementionic diodeionic signal amplificationpolyelectrolyte gel

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Area of Science:

  • Bioelectronics
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Biological signals rely on ion transport, creating a challenge for seamless bioelectronic device integration.
  • Existing interfaces struggle with the low ion concentrations typical of biological systems, necessitating signal amplification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and demonstrate an ionic device for direct interpretation and amplification of biological ionic signals.
  • To develop a polyelectrolyte hydrogel-based ionic diode with an open-junction structure for enhanced signal transduction.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of modified polyelectrolyte hydrogel-based ionic diodes with an open-junction design.
  • Investigation of ion-to-ion signal amplification mechanisms through breakdown ionic currents.
  • Analysis of signal transduction pathways for biological ionic signals.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated direct transmission of external ionic signals into the ionic diode via the open-junction structure.
  • Achieved significant amplification of minute ionic signals to larger ion currents.
  • Verified the ion-to-ion amplification mechanism by observing breakdown ionic currents during ion injection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ionic diode effectively interprets and amplifies biological ionic signals, overcoming limitations of low ion concentrations.
  • The open-junction design and hydrogel material enable robust bioelectronic signal transduction.
  • Further methods for enhancing amplification are proposed, paving the way for advanced bioelectronic applications.