Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Procedure to Evaluate the Efficiency of Flocculants for the Removal of Dispersed Particles from Plant Extracts
Published on: April 9, 2016
Chitosan-based sorbent for efficient removal and extraction of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin from aqueous solutions
Mahsa Nazraz1, Yadollah Yamini2, Hamid Asiabi1
1Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
Nanosheets prepared from magnesium oxide, chitosan and graphene oxide (MgO/Chit/GO) were hydrothermally synthesized and used as a sorbent for removal of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin from aqueous solutions. Residual antibiotics in sample were determined by HPLC/UV instrument. The sorbent was characterized by FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, and TEM. Its high adsorption capacity is attributed to the high surface area (294 m2.g-1) as compared to bare MgO/chit or bare GO. The pore size of the mesoporous sorbent typically is 15 Å. The adsorption isotherms for the two model antibiotics studied (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin) can be described with the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacities are 1111 and 1000 mg.g-1 for ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, respectively. The analysis of the kinetic data revealed that the synthesized sorbent followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the maximum equilibrium was at over 120 and 150 min for ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, respectively. Therefore, it is introduced as an economical, eco- friendly, and high-performance sorbent for removal of antibiotics from aqueous solutions. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of dispersion of magnesium oxide/chitosan/graphene oxide (MgO/chit/GO) nanosheets in waste water for removal of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin as water pollutants.
Related Concept Videos
Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions
The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
A generic acid (HA) reacts with the generic base (B-) to yield the corresponding conjugate base (A-) and conjugate acid (HB):
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
Weak Base Solutions
Strong Acid and Base Solutions
Solution Formation
This selective...

