Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae
09:12

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Published on: January 17, 2014

13.1K

Identification and prioritization of macrolideresistance genes with hypothetical annotation inStreptococcus

Blue Goad1, Laura K Harris1

  • 1Davenport University, 200 S. Grand Ave, Lansing, MI, 48933, USA.

Bioinformation
|June 22, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Identifying novel macrolide resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae is crucial. This study highlights hypothetical genes and domains of unknown function (DUFs) that could lead to new therapies against resistant bacterial infections.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae poses a significant treatment challenge.
  • Incomplete genome annotation, including hypothetical genes encoding domains of unknown function (DUFs), hinders understanding of resistance mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and confirm macrolide resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • To explore DUFs within hypothetical macrolide resistance genes for prioritizing experimental characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of gene expression signatures between untreated and macrolide-treated resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.
  • Validation using independent datasets of resistant and sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.
  • Functional pathway analysis of identified resistance genes.

Main Results:

  • Identified gene similarities associated with macrolide resistance.
  • Confirmed gene sets linked to resistance mechanisms like increased amino acid biosynthesis and efflux, and decreased ribonucleotide biosynthesis.
  • Discovered 22 hypothetical genes, including 10 DUFs, associated with macrolide resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Characterizing DUFs in macrolide resistance genes may reveal novel co-therapies to restore macrolide efficacy.
  • The applied methodology shows predictive power and can be extended to other antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
  • This research could revolutionize the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.
Keywords:
Streptococcus pneumoniaehypothetical genesresistance genes

More Related Videos

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Using the Quellung Reaction04:25

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Using the Quellung Reaction

Published on: February 24, 2014

46.6K
Generation of a Gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans Strain Without Gene Cloning12:06

Generation of a Gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans Strain Without Gene Cloning

Published on: October 23, 2017

8.1K

Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
20.6K
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
788
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.7K
Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
783
Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
4.4K
Resistance01:19

Resistance

When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
5.7K