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The sensing of mitochondrial DAMPs by non-immune cells

Aida Rodríguez-Nuevo1,2,3, Antonio Zorzano1,2,3

  • 1Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona). The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.

Cell Stress
|June 22, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Mitochondria release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that alert immune cells and trigger protective responses. This review details DAMP effects on immune and non-immune cells, emphasizing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that modulate immune responses.
  • DAMPs include proteins, peptides, lipids, metabolites, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
  • Somatic cells can sense mitochondrial DAMPs and initiate protective mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of mitochondrial DAMPs on immune cells.
  • To explore how mitochondrial DAMPs induce immunogenic responses in non-immune cells.
  • To provide special attention to the cellular response to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on mitochondrial DAMPs.
  • Analysis of existing data on immune cell modulation by DAMPs.
  • Examination of studies on non-immune cell responses to DAMPs.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial DAMPs significantly influence immune cell function.
  • Non-immune cells also exhibit immunogenic responses to mitochondrial DAMPs.
  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a key DAMP with potent signaling capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial DAMPs are critical mediators of innate immunity and cellular stress responses.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for developing novel immunotherapies.
  • Further research into mtDNA's role in immunity is warranted.
Keywords:
DAMPTLR9cGASimmunitymitochondriamitochondrial DNA

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