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Verbal Quantifiers and Communicating Painkiller Side Effect Risk.

Jeffrey G Cox1

  • 1Department of Communication Studies, Albion College.

Health Communication
|June 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
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Verbal quantifiers like "common" can replace numerical risk data for prescription drugs. Studies show people overestimate medication side effect likelihood, highlighting differences in gist versus verbatim information processing.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Health Communication
  • Risk Perception

Background:

  • Numerical data on prescription drug risks can be difficult for patients to understand.
  • Verbal quantifiers offer a potential alternative for communicating risk information.
  • Fuzzy trace theory and research on adverb-adjective pairs inform risk perception studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the effectiveness of verbal quantifiers versus numerical data in conveying prescription drug risk.
  • To investigate how individuals perceive medication side effect occurrence based on verbal descriptions.
  • To understand the role of gist versus verbatim processing in risk perception.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted using verbal quantifiers (e.g., "rare", "very rare") to present risk information.

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  • Study 1 contrasted adverb-adjective pairs with adjectives alone.
  • Study 2 incorporated severity and general risk perception measures to analyze schema processing.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants consistently overestimated the likelihood of medication side effects occurring.
    • Findings supported the distinction between gist-based and verbatim-based information processing.
    • Overestimation was observed when compared against European Union CIOMS III recommendations.

    Conclusions:

    • Verbal quantifiers are a viable, though potentially misleading, alternative to numerical risk presentation.
    • Individuals' risk perception is influenced by how information is processed (gist vs. verbatim).
    • Further research is needed to optimize verbal risk communication for prescription drugs.