Adaptive cognitive control attenuates the late positive potential to emotional distractors

Emotional pictures are inherently prioritized during stimulus perception. While this preferential emotion processing promotes self-preservation and survival, it can be detrimental when it conflicts with current goals and intentions. Recent brain imaging research suggests that the brain resolves such conflicts by suppressing the processing of emotional distractors at the perceptual level. Beyond brain imaging, event-related scalp potential studies in humans have traced preferential emotion processing at distinct temporal stages. Comparing emotional to neutral pictures, an early stage is indexed by the early posterior negativity (EPN) component featuring a relative negativity over posterior sites, while a later stage is associated with the late positive potential (LPP), manifesting as relative positivity over centro-parietal sensors. However, little is known whether emotional response conflict is resolved at each of those processing stages, or whether conflict resolution operates selectively at early or late stages, respectively. The present study assessed EPN and LPP to emotional distractors in an emotional Stroop task as a function of response conflict in the previous trial. Conflict-related processing during the Stroop task was confirmed by a behavioral conflict adaptation effect and modulation of the congruency-sensitive N450 component. Preferential processing of emotional distractors was observed for the EPN as well as the LPP. While the EPN was completely unaffected by conflict in the previous trial, the LPP was selectively reduced subsequent to trials featuring high response conflict. This observation provides support for a conflict-based control of emotion processing and demonstrates that cognitive control acts selectively at specific stages of emotion perception.