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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused by the deviation of bond angles from the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral value for sp3  hybridized carbons. However, while cyclopropane and cyclobutane are strained, as expected from their highly compressed bond angles, cyclopentane is more strained than predicted, and cyclohexane is virtually strain-free. Hence, Baeyer’s theory that...
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Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment
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STIM calcium sensing and conformational change.

Aparna Gudlur1, Ana Eliza Zeraik1,2, Nupura Hirve1

  • 1Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.

The Journal of Physiology
|June 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) senses low calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), moving to the plasma membrane to activate ORAI1 channels. This review details the STIM1 mechanism for ER-to-plasma membrane calcium signaling.

Keywords:
ORAISTIMcalciumconformational changestore depletion

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Calcium influx at the plasma membrane, regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium stores, is vital for cellular calcium balance and signaling.
  • Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) acts as an ER-localized calcium sensor, while ORAI1 forms calcium channels in the plasma membrane (PM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent insights into the sensing and communication mechanisms of ER calcium store depletion.
  • To elucidate the STIM1 conformational change underlying ER-to-PM communication.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and research findings.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving STIM1 and ORAI1.

Main Results:

  • STIM1 detects decreased ER luminal calcium levels.
  • STIM1 translocates to ER-PM junctions to recruit and gate ORAI1 channels.
  • Detailed understanding of the STIM1 conformational change in signaling.

Conclusions:

  • The STIM1-ORAI1 pathway is a conserved mechanism for controlling calcium influx.
  • Recent advances provide a deeper understanding of calcium signaling regulation at the ER-PM interface.