Alpha mangostin loaded crosslinked silk fibroin-based nanoparticles for cancer chemotherapy

Silk fibroin has been utilized extensively for biomedical purposes, especially the drug delivery systems. This study introduced and characterized three novel α-mangostin loaded crosslinked fibroin nanoparticles (FNPs), using EDC or PEI as a crosslinker, for cancer treatment. All three formulas were spherical particles with a mean size of approximately 300 nm. By varying the type and/or amount of the crosslinkers, particle surface charge was controllable from -15 to +30 mV. Crosslinked FNPs exhibited higher drug entrapment efficiency (70%) and drug loading (7%) than non-crosslinked FNP. FT-IR, XRD, and DSC analytical methods confirmed that α-mangostin was entrapped in FNPs in molecular dispersion form. Compared to the free α-mangostin, the crosslinked FNPs increased the drug's solubility up to threefold. They also showed sustained release characteristics of more than 3 days, and reduced free α-mangostin hematotoxicity by 90%. The α-mangostin loaded FNPs were physicochemically stable for up to 24 h when dispersed in intravenous diluent and for at least 6 months when preserved as lyophilized powder at 4 °C. In terms of anticancer efficacy, on both Caco-2 colorectal and MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cell lines, all formulas maintain α-mangostin's apoptotic effect while exhibit greater cytotoxicity than the free drug. In conclusion, α-mangostin loaded crosslinked FNPs show high potential for cancer chemotherapy.