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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

4.8K
The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

3.2K
Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

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Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
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Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
69.2K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Menopause and Its Implications for Stroke in Women.

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Stroke in Pregnancy.

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society·2026
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Subtypes of Hypertension 2 to 7 Years After First Pregnancy.

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Optimization of Postpartum Care for Patients With and at Risk for Premature and Long-Term Cardiovascular Disease: 2026 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.

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The Maternal Brain in Context: Systemic Physiological Changes Across Pregnancy.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants
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Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants

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Maternal Stroke: an Update.

Maria D Zambrano1, Eliza C Miller2,3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.

Current Atherosclerosis Reports
|June 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal stroke incidence is rising, particularly postpartum, linked to hypertensive disorders. Early recognition and treatment are crucial for reducing maternal mortality.

Keywords:
Cerebral venous thrombosisIntracranial hemorrhagePreeclampsiaPregnancyReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromeStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Obstetrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Maternal morbidity and mortality are increasing in the USA.
  • Maternal stroke is a significant contributor to this trend.
  • Understanding stroke during pregnancy and postpartum is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review the epidemiology of maternal stroke.
  • Identify risk factors for maternal stroke.
  • Summarize current diagnostic and treatment recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent evidence.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on maternal stroke.
  • Synthesis of current clinical guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Maternal stroke incidence is rising, associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
  • The peripartum and early postpartum periods pose the highest risk.
  • Preeclampsia is linked to conditions like RCVS and PRES, and long-term stroke risk.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertensive disorders, migraine, and infections are key risk factors.
  • Thrombolytics and endovascular therapy show promise for pregnant women with ischemic stroke.
  • Gaps remain in prediction, risk quantification, and understanding preeclampsia's pathophysiology.