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Early Environmental Unpredictability: Implications for Youth's Perceptions and Social Functioning.

Kelli L Dickerson1, Helen M Milojevich2, Jodi A Quas3

  • 1Department of Psychological Science, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.

Journal of Youth and Adolescence
|June 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Youth experiencing environmental unpredictability, especially from maltreatment, perceive their lives as uncertain. This perception is linked to increased aggression and conduct problems, highlighting a pathway to risky social behaviors.

Keywords:
Future perceptionsLife history theoryMaltreatmentUnpredictability

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Early environmental unpredictability can shape youth expectations of an uncertain future.
  • This can increase the likelihood of opportunistic, impulsive, and aggressive behaviors in adolescents.
  • Limited research exists on how youth in volatile environments perceive their lives and its behavioral correlates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how youth perceive unpredictability in their lives.
  • To examine the relationship between perceived unpredictability and social functioning in adolescents.
  • To compare perceptions and behaviors between maltreated and non-maltreated youth.

Main Methods:

  • Two samples of adolescents (10-17 years old) were studied: one with a history of maltreatment (n=90) and a comparison group (n=80).
  • Participants reported on their perceptions of environmental unpredictability and social functioning.
  • Statistical analyses examined associations between perceived unpredictability, aggression, conduct problems, and prosociality.

Main Results:

  • Maltreated youth reported significantly higher perceptions of unpredictability compared to non-maltreated youth.
  • Across both groups, greater perceived unpredictability was associated with increased aggression and conduct problems.
  • Perceived unpredictability was also linked to decreased prosocial behavior in adolescents.

Conclusions:

  • Perceptions of unpredictability are heightened in maltreated youth.
  • Perceived unpredictability is a significant factor associated with negative social functioning, including aggression and conduct issues.
  • Understanding these perceptions offers insight into developmental pathways contributing to risky social behaviors in youth.