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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
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Fertilization01:38

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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
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Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

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Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Production of Haploid Zebrafish Embryos by In Vitro Fertilization
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The Domestic Dog Embryo: In Vitro Fertilization, Culture, and Transfer.

J B Nagashima1, A J Travis2,3, N Songsasen4

  • 1Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA. nagashimaj@si.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Recent dog embryo technologies, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer, have advanced significantly. These breakthroughs benefit canine research, conservation, and breeding programs.

Keywords:
Domestic dogEmbryo cleavage kineticsEmbryo cultureIn vitro fertilizationOocyte

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Animal Biotechnology

Background:

  • Domestic dog embryo technologies have seen major progress in the last decade.
  • Applications include use as a biomedical model, conservation of endangered canids, and improving dog breeding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in canine embryo technologies.
  • Focus on oocyte collection, in vitro fertilization, embryo culture, and embryo transfer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on canine assisted reproductive technologies.
  • Analysis of techniques for oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development.
  • Examination of embryo transfer protocols in domestic dogs.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo culture techniques.
  • Successful development of early (≤8-cell) and advanced (≥16-cell) stage canine embryos in vitro.
  • Established embryo transfer methods for domestic dogs.

Conclusions:

  • Canine embryo technologies are rapidly advancing.
  • These technologies have broad applications in research, conservation, and breeding.
  • Further development holds promise for veterinary medicine and animal science.