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Sugarcane Mosaic Distribution, Incidence, Increase, and Spatial Pattern in Louisiana.

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Sugarcane mosaic disease, caused by sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), persists in Louisiana. Infected seed cane is the primary source, with limited spread via aphids in experimental fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Virology
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Sugarcane mosaic, historically significant in Louisiana, is caused by sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV).
  • Resistance breeding has lowered disease incidence in commercial sugarcane cultivars.
  • Recent detections in experimental clones raised concerns about current disease distribution and prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the current distribution and incidence of sugarcane mosaic disease in Louisiana.
  • To identify the primary source and transmission dynamics of SrMV in experimental sugarcane fields.
  • To evaluate the disease progression in a newly released cultivar and experimental clones.

Main Methods:

  • Field surveys were conducted from 2016 to 2018 in sugarcane breeding trials.
  • Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect SrMV in symptomatic and asymptomatic plants.
  • Spatial analysis (runs analysis) was employed to assess disease aggregation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Mosaic symptoms and SrMV were detected in a new cultivar (HoCP 09-804) and nine experimental clones.
  • SrMV was confirmed in 100% of symptomatic and 0.3% of asymptomatic samples.
  • Infected seed cane was identified as the likely primary source, with limited aphid transmission observed.

Conclusions:

  • Sorghum mosaic virus remains a significant pathogen in Louisiana sugarcane breeding programs.
  • Infected seed cane is the main driver of disease spread, not aphid transmission under current conditions.
  • Disease management strategies should focus on seed cane quality and monitoring experimental plots.