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Cow's Milk Allergy: Immunomodulation by Dietary Intervention
Enza D'Auria1, Silvia Salvatore2, Elena Pozzi3
1Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital-University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy. enza.dauria@unimi.it.
Nutrients
|June 26, 2019
Summary
Cow's milk allergy (CMA) affects infants when tolerance to milk proteins fails. Dietary interventions are shifting from symptom relief to actively modulating the immune system for prevention and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Allergy
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Cow's milk allergy (CMA) affects 2-3% of infants, disrupting immune tolerance to milk proteins.
- This can lead to sensitization and allergic responses, impacting conditions like gastroesophageal reflux and eosinophilic esophagitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review immune modulation strategies in cow's milk allergy (CMA) through dietary interventions.
- To highlight the shift from passive symptom management to proactive immune system modulation.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on dietary interventions for CMA.
- Focus on pathogenetic mechanisms and immune system roles (innate and adaptive).
- Exploration of hydrolysates, baked milk, prebiotics, and probiotics in immunomodulation.
Main Results:
- Dietary management of CMA is evolving towards active immune modulation.
- Hydrolyzed formulas and baked milk show potential in modulating immune responses.
- Prebiotics and probiotics offer a pathway to target the immune system via the gut microbiota.
Conclusions:
- Dietary interventions can proactively modulate the immune system in CMA.
- New strategies involving specific food components and microbiota modulation are promising for CMA prevention and treatment.