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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
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Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology

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Pathophysiology of Concussion.

Sarah E Chancellor1, Erich S Franz2, Olga V Minaeva3

  • 1Molecular Aging & Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
|June 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Concussion, a poorly understood neurological syndrome, is distinct from mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research is advancing understanding of concussion mechanisms, leading to better clinical assessment and treatment.

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A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Concussion has been studied for centuries but remains poorly understood, with elusive mechanistic underpinnings and definitions.
  • Growing concern over long-term consequences of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) has increased scientific interest in concussion.
  • Concussion (a neurological syndrome) and mild TBI (a neurological event) are mechanistically and pathobiologically distinct.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of concussion research, tracing the evolution of motivations and findings.
  • To differentiate concussion from mild TBI based on modern research approaches.
  • To highlight factors influencing concussion outcomes and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of concussion studies.
  • Analysis of modern research focusing on biomechanics, pathophysiology, biomarkers, and neuroimaging.
  • Examination of influencing factors such as age, sex, and genetics.

Main Results:

  • Concussion and mild TBI are distinct conditions with different mechanistic and pathobiological bases.
  • Modern research utilizes biomechanics, pathophysiology, biomarkers, and neuroimaging to differentiate concussion from mild TBI.
  • Age, sex, and genetic differences impact concussion and mild TBI outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Future concussion research, with converging objectives and methodologies, holds potential for improved clinical assessment.
  • Enhanced understanding can lead to better treatment strategies for concussion.
  • Advancements in research may also improve preventative measures for concussion and related brain injuries.