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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

1.4K
In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
1.4K
IR Frequency Region: Alkyne and Nitrile Stretching01:22

IR Frequency Region: Alkyne and Nitrile Stretching

1.4K
Both alkyne (C≡C) and nitrile (C≡N) functional groups contain triple bonds and show stretching absorptions around the wavenumber range of 2100 to 2300 cm−1 in the diagnostic region of the IR spectra.
Comparing the stretching vibrational frequency of  C≡C triple bonds with that of double and single bonds, it is evident that C≡C triple bonds exhibit a higher stretching frequency than C=C double and C–C single bonds. Similarly, the C≡N triple bond...
1.4K
IR Frequency Region: Alkene and Carbonyl Stretching01:29

IR Frequency Region: Alkene and Carbonyl Stretching

1.3K
Double bonds in alkenes and carbonyl compounds exhibit stretching frequencies in the diagnostic region of the IR spectrum. In addition, alkenes exhibit vinylic C–H stretching and C–H out-of-plane bending absorptions that are useful for identifying substitution patterns.
Stretching frequencies are affected by several factors, such as resonance, inductive effects, ring strain, dipole moment, and hydrogen bonding. Consequently, the stretching frequency of the carbonyl double bond...
1.3K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

62.8K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
62.8K
Transcription01:10

Transcription

155.7K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
155.7K
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

16.1K
To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
16.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Live Cell Imaging during Mechanical Stretch
07:42

Live Cell Imaging during Mechanical Stretch

Published on: August 19, 2015

11.0K

[Stretching and chylothorax].

B Bottet1, J Melki1, H Levesque2

  • 1Service de chirurgie generale et thoracique, CHU de Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France.

Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires
|June 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of bilateral chylothorax, a type of pleural effusion, was caused by thoracic duct injury during exercise. Treatment with chest drainage and a fat-free diet resolved the condition.

Keywords:
BilateralBilatéralCanalChylothoraxDrainageThoracic ductThoracique

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Case Reports
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Chylothorax, a rare pleural effusion, typically stems from iatrogenic or medical causes.
  • This report details an atypical and infrequent instance of bilateral chylothorax.

Observation:

  • A 73-year-old woman presented with acute dyspnea and bilateral pleural effusions.
  • Diagnostic imaging confirmed chylothorax, necessitating chest tube drainage and a specialized diet.
  • Extensive imaging failed to identify an underlying etiology.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with bilateral traumatic chylothorax, attributed to thoracic duct rupture during stretching exercises.
  • Treatment involving chest drainage and a medium-chain triglyceride diet effectively managed the effusions.
  • Literature review confirmed similar presentations, supporting the efficacy of the combined treatment approach.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a rare, non-iatrogenic cause of traumatic chylothorax.
  • Diagnosis of exclusion is crucial, emphasizing the need to rule out medical causes.
  • The successful treatment regimen underscores the importance of conservative management for similar cases.