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Decoding team and individual impact in science and invention.

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Teamwork significantly boosts research and patent impact compared to solo work. However, team success depends on members having similar citation impact, with lower-cited members often driving outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Bibliometrics and scientometrics
  • Collaboration network analysis
  • Innovation studies

Background:

  • Assessing individual contributions in collaborative scientific and inventive endeavors is challenging.
  • Existing methods for evaluating citation impact may not adequately capture team dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a computationally feasible method for describing individual and team citation impact.
  • To analyze the impact advantage of teamwork versus solo work across large-scale datasets.
  • To provide a more accurate tool for individual evaluation in collaborative research.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an individual citation index by tracking researchers across collaboration networks.
  • Analyzed 24 million research articles and 3.9 million US patents.
  • Examined the relationship between team composition (citation indices) and team impact.

Main Results:

  • Teamwork demonstrates a substantial impact advantage over solo work.
  • The impact advantage of teams diminishes as the disparity in individual citation indices increases.
  • Team citation impact is more influenced by lower-cited members and approximates the harmonic average of individual indices.
  • Teams tend to form among individuals with similar citation impact across scientific and patenting fields.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methodology accurately assesses individual and team citation impact, accounting for coauthorship.
  • This approach offers superior prediction of research and patent outcomes compared to existing measures.
  • The findings provide insights into optimal team organization and individual evaluation in collaborative environments.