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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Investigating Social Cognition in Infants and Adults Using Dense Array Electroencephalography dEEG
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Cognitive impairment among extremely low birthweight preterm infants from 1980 to present day

Benjamin Courchia1, Michelle D Berkovits2, Charles R Bauer2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine-Mailman Center for Child Development, Miami, FL, USA. Benjamin.courchia@jhsmiami.org.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|June 26, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Cognitive outcomes for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants improved significantly between 1980 and 2015. While impairment decreased in larger ELBW infants, it remained stable in smaller, sicker infants despite increased survival rates.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal research
  • Developmental pediatrics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants face significant risks for cognitive impairment.
  • Long-term cognitive outcomes for this vulnerable population require ongoing evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in cognitive outcomes for ELBW infants over a 35-year period.
  • To identify factors influencing cognitive development in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of cognitive assessments in 602 ELBW infants (birthweight ≤ 1000g).
  • Cognition evaluated using Bayley Scales of Infant Development and Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales at a median age of 33 months.
  • Infants categorized by birthweight: ≥ 750g and < 750g.

Main Results:

  • Overall significant cognitive impairment decreased by 9.4% (p=0.015) from 1980-2015.
  • For infants with birthweight ≥ 750g, impairment decreased by 14.6% (p=0.002).
  • No significant change in cognitive outcomes was observed for infants with birthweight < 750g, despite increased survival.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive outcomes for ELBW infants in this cohort have significantly improved since 1980.
  • Improvements were most notable in infants weighing ≥ 750g at birth.
  • Cognitive impairment did not worsen in smaller, sicker ELBW infants, indicating improved care despite challenges.
Abstract

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