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Responding to an Unexpected In-Flight Event: Physiological Arousal, Information Processing, and Performance.

Lana Kinney1, David O'Hare1

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Unexpected abnormal flight events can induce startle responses in pilots, impairing performance and increasing negative outcomes. Training may need to incorporate more varied scenarios to prepare pilots for these critical situations.

Keywords:
attentional processesaviation and aerospacecognitioncrew behavioreye movementsmotor behaviorphysiological and psychological conditionspilotsimulation and trainingskilled performancestresstracking

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Area of Science:

  • Aviation psychology
  • Human factors in aviation
  • Pilot performance research

Background:

  • Startle responses, an autonomic reaction to acute stimuli, can negatively impact pilot performance.
  • Unexpected abnormal flight events may increase the likelihood of adverse outcomes due to startle.
  • Understanding startle is crucial for enhancing aviation safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if simulated unexpected abnormal flight events induce startle.
  • To compare behavioral responses to expected versus unexpected abnormal flight events.
  • To analyze physiological and performance differences during these events.

Main Methods:

  • General aviation pilots participated in simulated flights with unexpected and expected engine failures.
  • Physiological data (heart rate, pupil dilation) and eye-tracking data were recorded.
  • Information processing and flight performance were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Unexpected engine failures led to increased heart rate and pupil dilation.
  • Pilots exhibited reduced scanning behavior during unexpected events.
  • Performance was impaired during unexpected engine failures, though not directly linked to arousal levels.

Conclusions:

  • The study empirically demonstrates impaired pilot responses to unexpected events, consistent with startle induction.
  • Findings support and extend conceptual models of startle and surprise in aviation.
  • Current training may not fully prepare pilots for unexpected startle effects.