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Tale of tail current.

Sodikdjon A Kodirov1

  • 1Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Centre, Saint Petersburg, 197341, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, I. P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Emotions' Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland.

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
|June 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Ionic currents through cell membrane channels are vital for all organisms. Tail currents, reflecting ion channel deactivation, offer selective insights into channel function and timing during cellular processes.

Keywords:
Auxiliary subunitEnvelope testHERGInactivationKv1Kv2Maxi KPatch-clamp

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cellular Physiology

Background:

  • Ion channels facilitate crucial ionic currents across cell membranes, essential for organismal function.
  • Voltage-dependent ion channels, including Kv and HCN alpha subunits, exhibit characteristic 'tail currents' during deactivation.
  • Tail currents provide insights into channel closure timing and can be used for selective channel estimation, as seen with HERG channels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the significance of tail currents in understanding ion channel behavior.
  • To highlight the role of tail currents in selective estimation of specific ion channels.
  • To discuss the activation and deactivation kinetics of voltage-dependent channels.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ionic currents during action potentials.
  • Electrophysiological recordings to observe channel activation and deactivation.
  • Utilizing specific voltage protocols, including depolarized potentials and tail pulses, to study channel kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Tail currents are observed during the deactivation of voltage-dependent channels like Kv and HCN alpha subunits.
  • The timing of tail currents reflects the precise moment of channel closure upon stimulus termination.
  • HERG channel deactivation can be selectively estimated using long, depolarized tail pulses.

Conclusions:

  • Tail currents are a critical indicator of ion channel deactivation dynamics.
  • Tail current analysis allows for the selective characterization of specific ion channel types.
  • Understanding these currents is fundamental for comprehending cellular electrical signaling in both simple and complex organisms.